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Floral photograph by Emma Bass

The Floral
Effect Project

Research · Art · Activation

Primavera Auckland City Hospital Gynaecology Ward
Design-led research into the psychosocial impacts of floral art in healthcare environments.
The Project

Exploring the human
response to flowers

In an increasingly fractured world, the human need for beauty is more urgent than ever.

Flowers have marked every defining moment of human experience: birth, love, grief, gratitude, across every culture.

They affect human physiology, mood, and behaviour in ways that empirical research is only beginning to document.

The Floral Effect Project is a design-led initiative investigating these impacts, focusing on large-scale photographic art within clinical and care environments. Based in Aotearoa New Zealand, the project integrates fourteen years of fine art placement, design research methodology, and a growing international evidence base.

We are developing methodologies to bring our design practice into dialogue with psychosocial outcomes, addressing three central questions:

01

Spatial Anxiety

How do choices of scale, placement, and composition in large-scale floral art affect stress within high-pressure clinical environments?

02

Existential Comfort

How does depicting the full natural life cycle, from pristine bloom to the quiet dignity of decay, support psychological acceptance in palliative care?

03

Staff Resilience

Can integrating complex visual imagery into high-fatigue medical workplaces improve cognitive restoration and wellbeing for healthcare staff?

Auckland City Hospital — floral artwork in situ
Auckland City Hospital, 9th Floor – Maternity
The Practice

Artworks in
Clinical Settings

Emma Bass has placed floral photographic works in clinical and care environments across Aotearoa New Zealand and internationally over the past fourteen years. Placements span hospices, oncology units, hospital wards, aged care facilities, funeral homes, and stillbirth and bereavement units.

These installations are not commissioned as passive decoration; they are made in response to observed clinical need. The reception of these works by patients, families, and clinical staff has generated a substantial body of qualitative evidence concerning the psychological effects of floral imagery in care contexts. This evidence forms the origin and motivation of our current research.

Research

What we know.
What we are finding out.

Anxiety & cortisol

Exposure to floral imagery reduces measurable anxiety and lowers cortisol, a direct physiological pathway between visual beauty and stress response.

Pain & recovery

Patients in environments with floral artwork report lower pain levels, shorter recovery times, and reduced reliance on pain medication.

Dementia & emotional life

Flowers sustain emotional responsiveness and positive affect even when verbal communication is limited. These effects persist beyond the moment of viewing.

Hope & future orientation

In palliative and end-of-life settings, flowers sustain a sense of the living world. That orientation toward life, even at its boundary, is documented and measurable.

Flowers: Direct Evidence 3 studies
Haviland-Jones, J., Rosario, H.H., Wilson, P., & McGuire, T.R. (2005). An environmental approach to positive emotion: Flowers . Evolutionary Psychology, 3(1).
A foundational study proving flowers reliably trigger genuine positive emotions, elevate mood for days afterward, and increase social connection across varied age demographics. This is where the research trail begins.
Elsadek, M., & Liu, B. (2021). Effects of viewing flowering plants on employees' wellbeing in an office-like environment . Indoor and Built Environment, 30(9).
Crucially isolated visual stimulation from scent and touch. Viewing flowering plants (hydrangeas) significantly boosted alpha brain wave activity and parasympathetic nervous system relaxation, proving the visual image alone drives physical recovery.
Mochizuki-Kawai, H., Matsuda, I., & Mochizuki, S. (2020). Viewing a flower image provides automatic recovery effects after psychological stress . Journal of Environmental Psychology, 70.
Simultaneous physiological testing and neuroimaging (fMRI) demonstrated that looking at a single flower photograph reduced negative emotion, lowered blood pressure, dropped salivary cortisol by 21%, and automatically deactivated the brain's primary stress and fear circuits.
Healthcare Art & Nature Imagery 3 studies
Cardillo, E.R., & Chatterjee, A. (2023). Visual art in hospitals: A review of the evidence . Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts.
A critical narrative review from the Penn Center for Neuroaesthetics establishing that realistic nature photography sits at the top of the clinical evidence hierarchy, consistently reducing patient pain, stress, and anxiety.
Nanda, U., Eisen, S., Zadeh, R.S., & Owen, D. (2011). Effect of visual art on patient anxiety and agitation in a mental health facility . Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 18(5).
Replacing abstract art with nature photography in an acute psychiatric unit led to significantly fewer as-needed (PRN) medication incidents, translating directly to measurable clinical and financial savings.
Nielsen, S.L., Fich, L.B., Roessler, K.K., & Mullins, M.F. (2017). How do patients actually experience and use art in hospitals? . International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being, 12(1).
Qualitative data showing patients actively utilise visual art as a positive distraction, a tool to maintain their personal identity, and a means to spark humanising conversations within cold clinical spaces.
Clinical Outcomes & Oncology 2 studies
Ulrich, R.S. (1984). View through a window may influence recovery from surgery . Science, 224(4647).
The landmark, foundational study in evidence-based healthcare design proving natural environmental views provide shorter postoperative hospital stays, fewer negative nursing evaluations, and lower dependencies on potent pain medications.
Cimprich, B., & Ronis, D.L. (2003). An environmental intervention to restore attention in women with newly diagnosed breast cancer . Cancer Nursing, 26(4).
A rigorous randomised controlled trial demonstrating that nature-based exposure drastically repairs, restores, and protects depleted cognitive and attentional capacities in women navigating breast cancer treatment.
Grief, Bereavement & Perinatal Loss 2 studies
Sweeney, A., & Dolan, S. (2023). Nature-based interventions in grief and bereavement: A scoping review . Omega: Journal of Death and Dying.
A comprehensive scoping review confirming that natural visual aesthetics facilitate complex emotional processing and offer profound comfort in bereavement spaces, while highlighting a critical clinical gap in dedicated perinatal support.
Zahmatkesh, M., et al. (2024). The effect of art therapy on grief after pregnancy loss: A randomised controlled trial . Midwifery.
A randomised controlled trial validating that targeted art interventions for women suffering recent pregnancy loss significantly drop measured grief and anxiety scores while strengthening long-term quality of life metrics.
Policy & Institutional Logic 2 studies
Fancourt, D., & Finn, S. (2019). What is the evidence on the role of the arts in improving health and well-being? A scoping review . WHO Regional Office for Europe.
The definitive World Health Organization flagship policy brief synthesising over 3,000 studies. This document establishes macro-level institutional validation for integrating arts into modern healthcare systems globally.
Tekin, B.H., Corcoran, R., & Urbano Gutiérrez, R. (2023). A systematic review and conceptual framework of biophilic design parameters in clinical environments . HERD: Health Environments Research & Design Journal.
A sweeping PRISMA systematic review confirming that high-quality photographic art featuring natural imagery is the primary, most accessible, and logistically implementable biophilic design parameter inside clinical architecture, completely bypassing the maintenance and infection-control barriers of live plants or water features.

Research
in progress

Our initial work addresses the under-researched question of the affective dimensions of photographic representations of flowers, a critical gap in existing environmental psychology literature. Operating from Aotearoa New Zealand, an unusually rich environment for this cross-disciplinary research, The Floral Effect Project is actively scaling its international footprint.

2026Feasibility Study

Global Clinical Expansion

UK study examining the psychological response of dementia patients to Emma Bass's artworks at a London care home, in collaboration with the University of Surrey.

In Progress
2026International Presentation

Surrey, United Kingdom

1st Workshop on Research on Humans' Response to Flowers, University of Surrey, 24–26 June 2026.

2026Design Symposium

Dunedin, New Zealand

Cumulus — Design at the End of the Earth, Dunedin, 2026.

2022Poster Presentation

Gerontology Framework

The Artwork of Emma Bass: Amplifying wellness in aged, clinical and therapeutic care environments. NZ Association of Gerontology, 1 November 2022.

Join the
Research Initiative

The Floral Effect Project is actively expanding its global network of clinical environments, environmental psychologists, and design researchers. If you are interested in deploying our methodologies, introducing our artwork into high-pressure care spaces, or collaborating on data collection, we invite you to connect.

The people
behind the research

The Floral Effect Project sits at the intersection of practice and inquiry. The researchers bring together fine art, nursing, and design cognition: disciplines that share a concern with how environments shape human experience.

Emma Bass
Artist

Emma Bass

Fine art photographer & former registered nurse. Auckland, New Zealand.

Emma Bass grew up around hospitals. Her father was a cardiologist, her mother a radiographer. At ten years old she painted on the internal window of a coronary care unit, watching what happened when colour and image entered a clinical space.

She trained and worked as a registered nurse in Auckland before building a twenty-two year career as a commercial photographer. In 2012 she shifted to fine art practice, working exclusively with flowers. Her work has been acquired by private collectors internationally, exhibited twice at the Royal Academy Summer Exhibition, London, and placed in clinical and care environments across Aotearoa New Zealand and internationally. Auckland City Hospital holds over 20 of her works. She collaborates with Breast Cancer Cure New Zealand on a luxury scarf collection, with proceeds directed to research.

Her practice sits at an unusual intersection: fine art, clinical knowledge, and more than fourteen years of direct observation. The Floral Effect Project is the formal attempt to understand the cumulative evidence that practice has generated.

emmabass.co.nz

Aaron Fry
Design Researcher

Aaron Fry

Director of MDes, School of Engineering and Design, University of Auckland

Aaron Fry trained as a fine artist at Elam School of Fine Arts, University of Auckland, before completing an MFA at the University of Hawaii at Manoa. He built an international design career that included a tenured faculty position at Parsons School of Design in New York, where he co-directed the Visualizing Finance Lab and developed a research practice around design cognition, information visualisation, and how designed artefacts shape perception and behaviour.

He returned to Aotearoa New Zealand as Director of the MDes programme at the School of Engineering and Design, University of Auckland, and is completing a PhD in Design at Swinburne University of Technology. His research spans design cognition, the psychology of visual artefacts, and the relationship between designed environments and human wellbeing. His central question, what does design do to human experience, is what drew him to The Floral Effect Project. The collaboration with Emma Bass brings design research methodology and academic rigour to a body of qualitative evidence accumulating in clinical settings for over a decade.

Let's work
together

We welcome approaches from researchers, clinicians, institutions and designers with aligned interests, in Aotearoa New Zealand or internationally. Every inquiry is read personally and we respond to all of them.

Or write directly hello@thefloraleffect.com

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Emma Bass — Here Now